Taking diamond cutting as an example, the radius of its cutting edge arc has been developing in a smaller direction, because its size directly affects the roughness of the machined surface and is directly related to the reflectivity of the optical mirror. In today's more and more high reflectivity requirements, such as the reflectivity of laser gyro mirror has been put forward 99.99%, the diamond tool is bound to put forward more sharp requirements. Japanese scholars have successfully carried out a thin cutting test, and the chip thickness reaches 1nm, and the radius of the cutting edge arc approaches 2 ~ 4nm. In order to achieve high precision, the traditional structure of diamond grinding machine was modified. The air bearing was used as the support, and the end runout of the grinding disc could be self-corrected on the machine tool, so that the end runout of the grinding disc was controlled below 0.5μm. The problem of sharp edge of the grinding machine is solved, but the detection becomes a difficult problem. The measurement accuracy can reach 50nm with the method of gold wire indentation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in Japan. With the further improvement of the machining accuracy of aluminum alloy precision parts, Japan has added a secondary electron transmitter on SEM, which can be measured to 20 ~ 40nm. AFM has been successfully used by Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Hit University of Technology in China to detect the radius of the cutting edge arc. The breakthrough of detection technology has created conditions for further exploration of micro cutting mechanism.
Hard and brittle materials are generally processed by grinding and other methods. Japan uses diamond grinding wheel to control the cutting depth and cutting amount. Ductile grinding can be carried out on aluminum alloy precision grinding machine, and optical mirror can be obtained even on the surface of glass. This is a big breakthrough in technology. Jilin University of Technology has successfully combined ultrasonic technology with diamond cutting with remarkable results.
The grinding wheel uses metal binder, and in order to improve the life of the grinding wheel, cast iron binder is used in Japan, so that the life of the grinding wheel is significantly increased. The on-line electrolytic dressing (ELID) technology of grinding wheel has been developed in Japan, which has broadened the application range of ultra-precision machining technology and achieved remarkable results in mirror machining
The formation from natural diamond to synthetic diamond and from ultra-hard diamond film to thick film gradually creates favorable conditions for the widespread use of diamond tools in ultra-precision manufacturing technology. In order to widen the application field of diamond, a lot of research on diamond cutting technology has been carried out. Some achievements have been made in deep cooling cutting, cutting in carbon rich atmosphere and so on. The technicians in the industry are devoted to studying the mechanism of micro cutting of aluminum precision parts, but it is difficult to observe the cutting point directly. Therefore, some scholars proposed to miniaturize the cutting device, place it under the SEM lens for cutting and observation, and use advanced detection technology such as computer simulation to further study the micro cutting.
Ultra-precision machine tools are integrated with a large number of advanced technologies, such as high-precision spindle, micro-feed device, high-precision positioning system, pneumatic guide technology, thermal stability technology, CNC system and so on. In particular, Western countries such as the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom are very mature in ultra-precision machine tool technology. The processing technology and equipment of aluminum alloy precision parts have also made great progress and achieved a certain effect. It provides a solid foundation for the further improvement of the processing technology level of aluminum alloy precision parts.
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