01. Heat treatment
Heat treatment is a process that involves manipulating the temperature of steel in order to change its properties.
Annealing, which reduces hardness and increases ductility, makes the steel easier to machine. Annealing operation process: first slowly heat the steel to the desired temperature; then continue for a period of time; finally, the steel is slowly cooled in the furnace. The required temperature and duration need to be determined based on the type of steel, and the carbon content of the steel also has an effect on temperature and time.
Normalizing can reduce the internal stress of the steel, improve the toughness, and at the same time obtain higher strength and hardness than annealed steel. Normalizing operation process: first heat the steel to a relatively high temperature; then keep it for a period of time; finally, take the steel out of the furnace and cool it in the air.
Quenching, which hardens the steel and increases its strength, makes it brittle. Quenching operation process: first slowly heat the steel to a high temperature; then keep it for a period of time; finally, immerse the steel in water, oil or brine to quickly cool.
Tempering can reduce the brittleness of steel after hardening, and is generally used after quenching. Tempering operation process: first heat the steel to a certain temperature (generally not more than 710 ° C); then keep it for a period of time; finally let it cool slowly (or quickly cool).
02. Precipitation hardening
Precipitation hardening increases the yield strength of the steel, the main difference is that the precipitation hardening steel contains elements such as copper, aluminum, phosphorus and titanium, which not only increase the strength of the steel, but also maintain sufficient toughness, because PH steel is a kind of High strength stainless steel. To activate the precipitation hardening properties, the steel is first solution treated and then age hardened. The age-hardening process heats the material over an extended period of time, creating precipitates that form solid particles of different sizes - increasing the strength of the material.
17 - 4 PH (also known as 630 steel) is an example of a common stainless steel precipitation hardening grade. This alloy contains 17% chromium, 4% nickel and 4% copper. Due to its increased hardness, strength and high corrosion resistance, 17-4 pH is used in deck platforms, turbine blades and nuclear waste barrels.
03. Cold working
This process can also change the properties of the steel without applying too much heat. For example, cold-worked steel becomes stronger during work-hardening. Work hardening occurs when a metal undergoes plastic deformation. This can be beat, rolled or drawn metal. If the cutting tool or workpiece is hot, it can also be intentionally hardened during machining. Cold working can also improve the workability of the steel.
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CNC machining parts post-processing options are surface treatment, in addition to Metal Anodization,Metal Polishing,Sandblasting,Baking Varnish,Electroplating,Metal Wire-drawing and so on.
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